Animal-derived products used in vaccine manufacture can include:
- Amino acids
- Glycerol
- Detergents
- Gelatin
- Enzymes
- Blood
- Cow milk is a source of amino acids, and sugars such as galactose.
- Cow tallow derivatives used in vaccine manufacture include glycerol.
- Gelatin and some amino acids come from cow bones.
- Cow skeletal muscle is used to prepare certain complex media.
- Many difficult to grow microorganisms required the addition of serum from blood to the growth media.